Chapter 23 review

    Standardized test practice
    1. Two different hot metal objects, both at the same temperature, are each added to the same quantity of water that is at room temperature. Which metal will raise the water to a higher temperature?
      1. the metal with the higher specific heat
      2. the metal with the higher mass
      3. neither, because both metals are at the same temperature
      4. It will depend on both the mass and the specific heat of each metal.

    2. You have a cup of 0.5 kg of water at 98°C and a cup of 0.3 kg of water at 56°C. If you mix them together, at what temperature will they reach equilibrium?
      1. 82°C
      2. 84°C
      3. 77°C
      4. 80°C

    3. Which of the following temperatures is the coldest?
      1. 100ºC
      2. 210ºF
      3. 370 K
      4. 120ºC

    4. If you placed a large beach ball in water at room temperature, is it likely that you would see Brownian motion?
      1. Yes, because the ball and the water are both above absolute zero.
      2. Yes, because matter is continually in motion at a molecular level.
      3. No, because the temperature is not high enough.
      4. No, because the ball is too large for water molecule collisions to be noticeable.

    5. Which of the following would you predict to have the highest specific heat?
      1. light, polar molecules in the gas phase
      2. light, polar molecules in the liquid phase
      3. a heavy metal in the solid phase
      4. a heavy metal in the liquid phase

    6. A 10 kg zinc cannonball has been sitting in the desert sun all day. Its temperature is 40°C. Night falls on the desert and the temperature falls to a chilling 5°C. How much heat will the cannonball release as it cools to air temperature? (The specific heat capacity of zinc is 390 J kg−1 °C−1.)
      1. 95 J
      2. 19,500 J
      3. 136,500 J
      4. 175,500 J

    1. Manuel heats a rigid container of an ideal gas, raising its temperature from 50°C to 100°C. Which statement accurately describes its change in pressure?
      1. The gas pressure is doubled.
      2. The gas pressure is halved.
      3. The gas pressure is more than doubled.
      4. The gas pressure is increased by a factor that lies between 1 and 2.

    2. Nephi adds 502,080 J of energy to some water (specific heat of 4,184 J kg−1 K−1) by heating it from 20ºC to 60ºC. What is the mass of the water?
      1. 0.3 kg
      2. 2 kg
      3. 3 kg
      4. 4,800 kg

    3. Sample 1 is an ideal gas with a volume of 0.25 m3, a temperature of 300 K, and a pressure of 100,000 N/m2. Sample 2 has the same composition, but a volume of 0.5 m3, a temperature of 400 K, and a pressure of 50,000 N/m2. Which statement correctly compares the number of particles in the two samples?
      1. Sample 1 contains more particles than Sample 2.
      2. Sample 2 contains more particles than Sample 1.
      3. Samples 1 and 2 hold equal numbers of particles.
      4. You cannot tell without more information.

    4. Ten grams (10 g) of helium are at a temperature of 300 K. What is the average thermal energy per atom?
      1. 4.98×10-23 J/atom
      2. 6.21×10-21 J/atom
      3. 3.74×104 J/atom
      4. 2.71×1026 J/atom

    5. The intermolecular forces in a certain substance are such that at room temperature atoms can switch neighbors, but they are not completely separated. At room temperature it must be in the ____ phase. If it is then cooled sufficiently to change phase, it will most likely be in the _____ phase.
      1. liquid; solid
      2. liquid; gas
      3. solid; liquid
      4. solid; gas

    6. You are cooling an unknown gas. When the substance reaches a temperature 10ºC, the gas starts to condense and liquid droplets form. When the substance reaches a temperature of −10ºC, the liquid becomes solid. What is the boiling point of this substance?
      1. −10°C
      2. 0°C
      3. 10°C
      4. More information is required.

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