Chapter study guide

Light carries energy and information and varies in intensity and color. Light has both wave and particle properties and can change direction when interacting with matter. Many physical phenomena, such as eclipses and shadows, can be explained by using the concept of light rays traveling in straight lines. The ray model for light is useful for showing how light is reflected and refracted by optical devices. Optical systems may create images, which are illusions created by reflecting or refracting light rays. Images may be larger (magnified), smaller, or inverted compared to the objects they represent.



By the end of this chapter you should be able to
describe seven properties of light;
explain how shadows, eclipses, and day and night occur on Earth;
define and calculate intensity;
define the normal and the angles of incidence and reflection;
describe reflection and refraction;
characterize the images formed by different optical devices;
predict the location of images for a flat mirror using a ray diagram;
determine magnification; and
characterize the properties of images formed by spherical mirrors.



Design project: Pinhole camera
20A: Magnification of mirrors and lenses
20B: Reflection in a plane mirror
20C: Image formation for curved mirrors


578Properties of light
579Light travels in straight lines
580Eclipses and the phases of the Moon
581Intensity and the inverse square law
582Design a pinhole camera
583Section 1 review
584Optical devices
585Reflection and refraction
58620A: Magnification of mirrors and lenses
587Magnification
588Transparency
589Section 2 review
590Reflection and images
59120B: Reflection in a plane mirror
592Law of reflection
593Objects and images
594Locating an image with a ray diagram
595Section 3 review
596Spherical mirrors
597Ray tracing for spherical mirrors
59820C: Image formation for curved mirrors
599Section 4 review
600Chapter review
I= P A
m= h i h o
θ i = θ r
 
ray diagraminverse square lawobject distance
image distancemirrorlens
prismreflectionrefraction
specular reflectiondiffuse reflectionmagnification
transparentopaquetranslucent
incident rayreflected raynormal
law of reflectionangle of incidenceangle of reflection
imageconvexconcave
optical axisfocal pointfocal length

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