Chapter 27 review

    Standardized test practice
    1. In the nuclear reaction equation U 92 236 → X 54 140 e+ S 38 A r+2 n 0 1 what is the value of A?
      1. 86
      2. 92
      3. 94
      4. 95

    2. Two neutral isotopes of the same element have the same number of
      1. protons and neutrons.
      2. protons and electrons.
      3. neutrons and electrons.
      4. protons, neutrons, and electrons.

    3. A particular atom has 29 neutrons and 55 nucleons. What is the atomic number of this atom?
      1. 26
      2. 52
      3. 55
      4. 81
      5. 84

    4. Easy If the strong nuclear force did not act on the nucleons of an element, what would be the binding energy of that element?
      1. zero
      2. 1.67×10−27 J
      3. infinity

    5. One of the difficulties of creating fusion reactions on Earth is that _____________ is required.
      1. a low pressure
      2. extremely rare fuel
      3. a high temperature
      4. a low temperature

    6. Lead-192 has a half-life of 3.5 minutes. If you start with 8 kg of lead-192, how much will remain after 17.5 minutes?
      1. 1.6 kg
      2. 0.5 kg
      3. 0.46 kg
      4. 0.25 kg

    7. When a radioactive isotope emits a beta particle, its atomic number will:
      1. increase by one.
      2. remain unchanged.
      3. decrease by one.
      4. decrease by two.

    1. In a common fission reaction, the reactants have a mass of 3.920×10−25 kg but the products have a mass of 3.917×10−25 kg. How much binding energy is released in one of these reactions?
      1. 3×10−28 J
      2. 9×10−20 J
      3. 2.7×10−11 J
      4. 4.2×10−6 J

    2. Easy Which of the following is a significant application of Einstein’s mass–energy equivalence equation?
      1. mass spectrometers
      2. astronomy
      3. nuclear power
      4. wind turbines

    3. Easy The owner of a nuclear power plant accidentally sets the control rods to go completely down into the reactor core. What will likely happen to the turbine?
      1. It will slow down.
      2. It will speed up.
      3. It will change direction.
      4. It will continue spinning at the same speed.

    4. When a radioactive isotope emits an alpha particle, its atomic mass number will
      1. increase by 4.
      2. increase by 2.
      3. decrease by 2.
      4. decrease by 4.

    5. A scientist manages to synthesize 200 g of seaborgium-266. After 90 s, 25 g of seaborgium-266 remain. What is the half-life of seaborgium-266?
      1. 90 s
      2. 270 s
      3. 30 s
      4. 8 s

    6. Easy Consider an isotope with a stable nucleus and one with an unstable nucleus. Which will have the highest mass deficiency and highest binding energy?
      1. the isotope with a stable nucleus
      2. the isotope with an unstable nucleus
      3. neither, since all isotopes have the same mass deficiency and binding energy

    7. Control rods are inserted or removed from a nuclear reactor to
      1. slow down the speed of the neutrons.
      2. initiate the nuclear reactions.
      3. moderate the rate of nuclear reactions.
      4. control the fusion reaction.

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