Chapter 1 review

    Standardized test practice
    1. Which represents a valid approach to critiquing a scientific explanation?
      1. using experimental testing
      2. using observational evidence
      3. analyzing the logical reasoning of the explanation
      4. all of the above

    2. Which is the best choice to refute a statement that Lake Toobin is round?
      1. Argue louder than the person who made the statement.
      2. Dismiss the person who said it as being uninformed.
      3. Tell the person that water cannot have a round shape.
      4. Design an experiment that might show that the lake is instead flat.

    3. Which branch of science is primarily concerned with the properties and interactions of matter and energy on the most fundamental level?
      1. psychology.
      2. chemistry.
      3. physics.
      4. biology.

    4. Which is the best description of how physics differs as a science from biology?
      1. Physics is a quantitative science, whereas biology is a qualitative science.
      2. Physics is mathematically based, whereas biology is observationally based.
      3. Physics is concerned with the fundamental properties of matter, whereas biology is concerned with the interactions among and within complex, living organisms.
      4. Physics deals with atoms and molecules, whereas biology does not.

    5. What kind of light is represented on a computer screen by an RGB value of (255, 255, 0)?
      1. white
      2. blue
      3. yellow
      4. magenta

    6. Within the scientific method, the statement, “The Moon is made of Swiss cheese,” would best be described as a(n)
      1. question.
      2. hypothesis.
      3. prediction.
      4. conclusion.

    1. Varian conducted an experiment in class that led him to conclude that Earth’s gravity acted upward during his experiment. What is the best method to analyze his explanation?
      1. Show him the page in a physics textbook that says that gravity acts downward, and tell him he must be wrong.
      2. Attempt to repeat his experiment and critique any steps that appear flawed.
      3. Turn your back on him.
      4. Drop a book on his foot to show him that it falls downward.

    2. A teacher says the following in a lesson:
      “The Earth has two tides per day, not just one. Tides are caused by the gravity of the Moon acting on the oceans. The Moon, however, only passes overhead once per day. That explains the tide on the side of the planet facing the Moon. What explains the fact that there is another tide on the side facing away from the Moon?”
      Choose the most appropriate notes you might take.
      1. Earth has tides.
      2. Earth, tides, there are 2 per day
      3. Earth, tides, caused by Moon’s gravity, 2 per day, why 2?
      4. The Earth has two tides per day, not just one. Tides are caused by the gravity of the Moon acting on the oceans. The Moon, however, only passes overhead once per day. That explains the tide on the side of the planet facing the Moon. What explains the fact that there is another tide on the side facing away from the Moon?

    3. Kassandra asserts that everything is composed of combinations of four elements: pizza, cereal, soda, and chocolate. Which is the best argument to refute her assertion?
      1. There is not enough pizza in the world to make up one-fourth of the Earth.
      2. Pizza cannot be an element because it is made from bread, cheese, and sauce.
      3. None of those four elements contains matter in a gaseous state.
      4. The ocean is blue but none of those four elements is blue.

    4. Which is most likely to satisfy the criteria for scientific evidence?
      1. a quote from an online encyclopedia about the results of a trial
      2. the verdict of the jury in a civil trial
      3. the fingerprints removed from objects at a crime scene
      4. instructions by a judge to a jury as to what information they may use when deliberating

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